CNC Cutting Tool Classification

CNC cutting tools are the core components of CNC machining (computer numerical control machining), directly determining machining accuracy, efficiency, surface quality, and material utilization. They are widely used in milling, turning, drilling, and boring machining of various workpieces, including metal, plastic, and composite materials.

Tool Structure Classification

Integral tools: The CNC cutting tool body and cutting edge are made of the same material (e.g., solid carbide end mills). These tools offer a simple structure and excellent rigidity, making them suitable for small-diameter machining (e.g., 1-20 mm). However, they require complete replacement when the cutting edge wears, which is costly.

Indexable tools: The cutting edge is a replaceable "blade" (e.g., a carbide insert) held in a toolholder. Wear can be replaced directly without replacing the toolholder. These tools are suitable for high-volume machining (e.g., face milling cutters and external turning tools) and offer a high cost-effectiveness.

Welded tools: Carbide inserts are welded to high-speed steel toolholders, achieving a balance between cutting edge hardness and toolholder toughness. However, welding stress can easily cause the insert to crack. Indexable tools are currently being replaced and are only used for machining specialized materials (e.g., cast iron).